2019格陵兰国庆节 Greenland National Day 2019

by Mingming Shi, OtC 

起源

6月21日是 Inuiattut Ullorsiorneq，即格陵兰国庆节。格陵兰岛，地处北美板块，是世界上第一大岛屿，在1721年成为丹麦王国的殖民地，1953年正式结束殖民历史，成为王国的一部分，目前是丹麦的海外自治地。

虽然格陵兰尚未从丹麦王国独立出去，但是已经拥有自己的国旗、国歌和国庆节。1979年，Home Rule Act 生效，格陵兰人民获得更大自治权，1983年设立国庆节，定为每年的6月21日。有趣的是，这一天也刚好是夏至日，是一年中北半球日照最长的日子。

2019年看点

国庆当天，全岛各个城镇和定居点均举办庆祝活动。在首府努克，虽然早间下着蒙蒙细雨，但依然没有阻挡居民们的热情。人们身着彩色鲜艳的格陵兰传统服饰，在港口聚集，参加庆典仪式。除了奏乐、升旗、鸣礼炮、游行等项目外，最具当地特色的莫过于猎海豹比赛。一众船只在港口集合，出发猎取海豹，最快收获并返回者胜出。当天也有皮划艇表演和适合一家大小参与的娱乐活动。

除格陵兰本土外，海外庆祝活动也十分丰富。

在丹麦，有一万多格陵兰人居住在不同城市。哥本哈根、奥尔堡等地举行了大大小小的庆祝仪式。位于哥本哈根的格陵兰之家 (Det Grønlandske Hus-Kalaallit Illuutaat) 举办招待会，介绍格陵兰历史、文化、饮食等，气氛非常热闹。

2018年10月，格陵兰在冰岛首都雷克雅未克设立代表处，以加强格陵兰和冰岛的合作沟通，这是格陵兰在海外的第4个代表处，也是除了丹麦以外的北欧地区第一个代表处。冰岛曾经是丹麦王国的殖民地，1944年获得完全独立，将每年6月17日定为国庆节，以纪念19世纪为冰岛独立运动作出卓著贡献的 Jón Sigurðsson。今年格陵兰驻冰岛代表处也选择在这一天举办音乐招待会。

2019年恰好是格陵兰 Self Rule Act 生效的十周年，自2009年起，格陵兰自治政府 Naalakkersuisut 成立，进一步获得自治权、居民受教育程度、经济表现等方面有所进步，且为解决高自杀率、贫困、针对妇女儿童的暴力等社会问题而努力。

最后，格陵兰国庆节快乐，Ullorsiornitsinni pilluaritsi!

Mikkel Møller Schøler 对本文格陵兰语翻译亦有贡献，在此表示感谢。

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The National Day of Greenland, (Inuiattut Ullorsiorneq in Greenlandic), was introduced in 1983, four years after the Home Rule Act came into force. Greenland was integrated into the Kingdom of Denmark in 1953 after being a colony of the latter for over a century. Afterwards, Greenland obtained its own anthem, national flag and the national day. Interestingly, the national day of Greenland is set on 21 June, which is also the summer solstice, the day of the longest amount of sunshine in the Northern hemisphere.

There were celebration activities at home and abroad this year. On this day, one of the traditional events is seal hunting on the island. In Nuuk, locals gathered at the harbour, enjoying music, kayak demonstrations and other family friendly activities. There were also celebrations in Denmark and Iceland, where Greenland established its fourth representational office abroad (in Reykjavík) last year.

2019 marks the ten-year anniversary of the Self Rule Act [pdf]. Indeed, in the past decade, the literacy rate, economic performance of the nation, and other barometers have improved. Greenland still has to address many social and economic challenges, including poverty, suicide and domestic violence. Nevertheless, Greenland has made great strides since achieving Home and Self Rule.

Happy Greenlandic National Day! Ullorsiornitsinni pilluaritsi! 

The author would like to thank Mikkel Møller Schøler for his assistance with the Greenlandic terms.

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